郑国：诗人曾住颖阳，当时又任新乡尉，春秋时都属郑国范围。
【简析】：
这是一首差别诗。时陈章甫正被免职回乡。诗中极力赞美了陈的品格、气质，充满了慰藉之情，显得旷达、豪放，可见诗人和陈章甫对于弃职都是不在意的。
【评析】：
李颀的送别诗，以善于描述人物著称。本诗即为一首代表作。
陈章甫是个很有才学的人，原籍不在河南，不过长期隐居嵩山。他曾应制科及第，但因没有登记户籍，吏部不予录用。经他上书力争，吏部辩驳不了，特为请示执政，破例录用。这事受到天下士子的赞美，使他名扬天下。然其仕途并不通达，因此无意官事，仍然经常住在寺院郊外，活动于洛阳一带。这首诗大约作于陈章甫罢官后登程返乡之际，李颀送他到渡口，以诗赠别。前人多以为陈章甫此次返乡是回原籍江陵老家，但据诗中所云“旧乡”、“故林”，似指河南嵩山而言。诗中称陈章甫为“郑国游人”、自称“洛阳行子”，可见双方同为天涯沦落人，情意是很密切的。
诗的开头四句，轻快舒坦，充满乡情。入夏，天气清和，田野麦黄，道路荫长，骑马出门，一路青山作伴，更怀念往日隐居旧乡山林的悠闲生活。这里有一种旷达的情怀，显出隐士的本色，不介意仕途得失。然后八句诗，用生动的细节描绘，高度的艺术概括，赞美陈章甫的志节操守，见出他坦荡无羁、清高自重的思想性格。前四句写他的品德、容貌、才学和志节。说他有君子坦荡的品德，仪表堂堂，满腹经纶，不甘沦落草野，倔强地要出山入仕。“不肯低头在草莽”，显然指他抗议无籍不被录用一事。后四句写他的形迹脱略，胸襟清高，概括他仕而实隐的情形，说他与同僚畅饮，轻视世事，醉卧避官，寄托孤云，显出他入仕后与官场污浊不合，因而借酒隐德，自持清高。不言而喻，这样的思想性格和行为，注定他迟早要离开官场。这八句是全诗最精采的笔墨，诗人首先突出陈的立身坦荡，然后写容貌抓住特征，又能表现性格；写才学强调志节，又能显出神态；写行为则点明处世态度，写遭遇就侧重思想倾向。既扣住送别，又表明罢官返乡的情由。“长河”二句是赋而比兴，既实记渡口适遇风浪，暂停摆渡，又暗喻仕途险恶，无人援济。因此，行者和送者，罢官者和留官者，陈章甫和诗人，都在渡口等候，都没有着落。一个“未及家”，一个“空叹息”，都有一种惆怅。而对这种失意的惆怅，诗人以为毋须介意，因此，末二句以试问语气写出态炎凉，料想陈返乡后的境况，显出一种泰然处之的豁达态度，轻松地结出送别。
就全篇而言，诗人以旷达的情怀，知己的情谊，艺术的概括，生动的描写，表现出陈章甫的思想性格和遭遇，令人同情，深为不满。而诗的笔调轻松，风格豪爽，不为失意作苦语，不因离别写愁思，在送别诗中确属别具一格。
［注］①陈侯：对陈章甫的尊称。②虬·蜷曲。大颡（ｓǎｎｇ嗓）：宽脑门。
(倪其心)
A FAREWELL TO MY FRIEND CHEN ZHANGFU
In the Fourth-month the south wind blows plains of yellow barley,
Date-flowers have not faded yet and lakka-leaves are long.
The green peak that we left at dawn we still can see at evening,
While our horses whinny on the road, eager to turn homeward.
...Chen, my friend, you have always been a great and good man,
With your dragon's moustache, tiger's eyebrows and your massive forehead.
In your bosom you have shelved away ten thousand volumes.
You have held your head high, never bowed it in the dust.
...After buying us wine and pledging us, here at the eastern gate,
And taking things as lightly as a wildgoose feather,
Flat you lie, tipsy, forgetting the white sun;
But now and then you open your eyes and gaze at a high lone cloud.
...The tide-head of the lone river joins the darkening sky.
The ferryman beaches his boat. It has grown too late to sail.
And people on their way from Cheng cannot go home,
And people from Loyang sigh with disappointment.
...I have heard about the many friends around your wood land dwelling.
Yesterday you were dismissed. Are they your friends today?
唐诗三百首,全唐诗：卷133_20