浮图:原是梵文佛陀的音译,这里指佛塔。五陵:指汉代五个帝王的陵墓,即高祖长陵、惠帝安陵、景帝阳陵、武帝茂陵及昭帝平陵。
【简析】:
慈恩寺浮图就是现存西安市的大雁塔。当时同题分咏的还有高适、薛据和杜甫。本诗主要写塔的孤高和登临后向东南西北四方了望,忽而领悟禅理,产生出世的念头,状写塔的崔巍和景色的壮丽十分成功。
【注解】:
1、突兀:高耸。
2、鬼工:非人力所能。
3、宫馆:宫阙。
4、净理:佛理。
5、胜因:善缘。
6、挂冠:辞官。
7、觉道:佛道。
【韵译】:
大雁塔的气势宛如平地涌出,
孤傲高峻耸立好象直接天宫。
登上雁塔绝顶仿佛离开尘世,
沿阶盘旋攀登有如升越太空。
高耸宏伟似乎压盖神州大地,
峥嵘崔嵬简直胜过鬼斧神工。
四角挺拔顶天遮住太阳光辉,
塔高七层紧紧地接连着苍穹。
站在塔顶鸟瞰指点翱翔飞鸟,
俯身向下倾听阵阵怒吼狂风。
山连着山好比波涛汹涌起伏,
奔走如百川归海来朝见帝京。
两行青槐夹着天子所行道路,
宫阙楼台变得多么精巧玲珑。
悲凉秋色打从关西弥漫而来,
苍苍茫茫已经布满秦关之中。
再看看长安城北汉代的五陵,
历经万古千秋依然青青
清净寂来的佛理我完全领悟。
行善施道素来是我做人信奉。
我发誓回去后行将辞官归隐,
我觉得佛道的确能济世无穷。
【评析】:
此诗是写登佛塔回望景物,望而生发,忽悟佛理,决意辞官学佛,以求济世,暗
寓对国是无可奈何的情怀。
首二句写未登之前仰望全塔;三、四句写登塔;五至八句写塔之高耸雄峻。九、
十句写由上俯看;十一至十八句,写在塔顶向东南西北各方所见的景物。最后四句写
忽悟“净理”,甚至想“挂冠”而去。
诗在描摹大雁塔的巍峨高大方面,可谓匠心独运。“如涌出”、“耸天宫”、
“碍白日”、“摩苍穹”等等,语语惊人,令人有亲临其境之感,不禁为之惊叹。
--引自"超纯斋诗词" 翻译、评析:刘建勋
ASCENDING THE PAGODA AT THE TEMPLE OF KIND
FAVOUR WITH GAO SHI AND XUE JU
The pagoda, rising abruptly from earth,
Reaches to the very Palace of Heaven....
Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us,
With the steps we look down on hung from space.
It overtops a holy land
And can only have been built by toil of the spirit.
Its four sides darken the bright sun,
Its seven stories cut the grey clouds;
Birds fly down beyond our sight,
And the rapid wind below our hearing;
Mountain-ranges, toward the east,
Appear to be curving and flowing like rivers;
Far green locust-trees line broad roads
Toward clustered palaces and mansions;
Colours of autumn, out of the west,
Enter advancing through the city;
And northward there lie, in five graveyards,
Calm forever under dewy green grass,
Those who know life's final meaning
Which all humankind must learn.
...Henceforth I put my official hat aside.
To find the Eternal Way is the only happiness.
唐诗三百首全唐诗:卷198_48